80% of dogs over 3 years old have dental problems: tartar, gingivitis, periodontitis. These are often underestimated, but they cause chronic pain, infections, and even heart problems. Here's how to take care of them.

How tartar forms

After eating, plaque (bacteria + saliva) forms on the teeth. Within 24–72 hours it mineralises and becomes tartar: hard, brownish, and impossible to remove by brushing alone.

Tartar causes gingivitis, which progresses into periodontitis: the teeth loosen and fall out.

Symptoms of dental problems

  • Very bad breath (halitosis)
  • Visible tartar (yellow/brown) on the teeth
  • Red, bleeding gums
  • Chewing only on one side
  • Refusing hard food
  • Excessive drooling

Daily brushing — the gold standard

The only 100% effective solution. What you'll need:

  • A dog-specific toothbrush (double-headed or finger brush)
  • Dog toothpaste: never use human toothpaste (it contains xylitol, which is toxic). Dog toothpastes come in chicken, beef, and malt flavours

Technique: gentle circular movements, focusing on the gums and the outer surfaces of the teeth. Just 2 minutes a day is enough.

Start gradually: first let your dog taste the toothpaste, then touch the lips, then the teeth, then brush. Always reward with a treat.

Less effective but still useful alternatives

Dental chews

Dentastix, Whimzees, Greenies: they help, but they don't replace a toothbrush. They reduce tartar by 30–40%.

Chewing bones

Raw and meaty only (chicken neck, wings). Never cooked bones (they splinter).

Chew toys

Kong toys, ropes, textured balls: excellent for mechanical cleaning.

Water additives

Such as Vetiq and Aquadent: they contain enzymes that reduce plaque.

Veterinary tartar removal

When tartar is already well established, scaling is needed: an ultrasonic cleaning performed under general anaesthesia.

  • Cost: €100–300 (varies depending on age, size, and any extractions required)
  • Frequency: every 1–3 years for dogs whose teeth are brushed regularly; every 6 months to 1 year for those whose teeth are not brushed
  • Recovery: 24–48 hours of soft food

When to see a vet urgently

  • A broken or displaced tooth
  • Blood in the mouth
  • Swelling on the muzzle or below the eye (root abscess)
  • Stops eating for more than 24 hours

For a complete health calendar, read the guide on vaccinations and dog parasites.