Omega-3 (EPA and DHA) are essential fatty acids with documented effects on the skin, coat, heart, joints, and brain of dogs. Let's see what science really says and how to integrate them.
What they are for
Skin and coat
The most visible effect (4-6 weeks). Reduces itching, dermatitis, and dull coat. Particularly useful in dogs with skin allergies or atopic dermatitis.
Joints
Anti-inflammatory effect on arthritis. Studies document a reduction in joint pain and improvement in mobility in senior dogs.
Heart
Reduced triglyceride levels, improved heart rhythm, lower risk of arrhythmias. Particularly useful for those with heart conditions.
Brain
Important in puppies (neural development) and seniors (slows cognitive decline).
Immune system
Modulates the inflammatory response, useful in dogs with autoimmune diseases.
From which source
Fatty fish (preferred)
- Salmon oil: 1,500-1,800 mg/g of EPA+DHA
- Mackerel/herring oil: similar
- Whole fish (sardines, mackerel) fed 1-2 times a week
Krill oil
More expensive but more absorbable. Natural antioxidant (astaxanthin).
Vegetables (NOT sufficient)
- Flaxseed oil, chia seeds: contain ALA, which dogs convert to EPA/DHA only 5-10%. They do not replace fish.
How much to give
General dose: 30-100 mg of EPA+DHA per kg of body weight, per day.
- Healthy dog (coat, prevention): 30-50 mg/kg
- Dog with dermatitis: 50-80 mg/kg
- Arthritic dog: 80-100 mg/kg
- Heart dog: 80-100 mg/kg
Example: a 20 kg dog with arthritis: 1,600-2,000 mg per day.
Side effects
At correct doses, safe. At high doses:
- Diarrhea (reduce and gradually start again)
- Less coagulable blood (problem only before surgical procedures)
- Weight gain (50-100 calories per tablespoon of oil)
How to choose the product
- Label with precise statement of mg of EPA and DHA (not "fish oil 1g")
- Natural antioxidants (vitamin E)
- Refrigerate after opening
- Consume within 2 months of opening (goes rancid)
Final tips
Omega-3s are one of the few supplements with truly documented effectiveness. If you have a dog with skin, joint, or heart problems, talk to your veterinarian about supplementation. Average cost: 15-30 € per month.
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