```html

The first year of a dog's life is when it needs the most proper nutrition. Deficiencies during this phase can have lifelong consequences: fragile bones, problematic joints, and a weak immune system.

Needs of the Puppy

The puppy needs:

  • 2-3 times the calories of an adult per kg of weight
  • More protein (28-32% dry matter, vs 20-25% adult)
  • Balanced calcium and phosphorus (1.2:1 ideal)
  • DHA (omega-3) for brain development
  • Water always available

How Much Should It Eat

Generally, daily calories:

  • Puppy 5 kg (2 months): 400-500 kcal
  • Puppy 10 kg (4 months): 700-900 kcal
  • Puppy 15 kg (6 months): 1,000-1,200 kcal
  • Puppy 25 kg (10 months): 1,400-1,700 kcal

The exact recommendations vary depending on breed, activity, and food. Puppy kibble always indicates the quantities on the bag.

Meal Frequency

  • 2-4 months: 4 meals a day
  • 4-6 months: 3 meals
  • 6-12 months: 2-3 meals
  • After 12 months: 2 meals (adult regimen)

What Food

Puppy Kibble

This is the most common choice. Look for:

  • Animal protein ≥ 28%
  • Calcium 0.8-1.2%, phosphorus 0.7-0.9%
  • DHA 0.1%+ added
  • Premium brand (avoid supermarket brands for puppies)

Large vs Small Breed Puppy

Large breed puppy (Labrador, German Shepherd, etc.):

  • Kibble "Large Breed Puppy" specific
  • More moderate calories to avoid too fast growth (risk of dysplasia)

Small breed puppy (Chihuahua, Yorkshire, etc.):

  • Small kibble
  • More calories per gram (small size has a fast metabolism)

When to Switch to "Adult"

This depends on size:

  • Small dog (< 10 kg): 8-12 months
  • Medium dog (10-25 kg): 12 months
  • Large dog (25-40 kg): 15-18 months
  • Giant dog (40+ kg): 18-24 months

Gradual transition over 7-14 days.

Common Mistakes

  1. Adult food given to puppies: lacking calories and specific nutrients
  2. Cow's milk: not digestible, causes diarrhea
  3. Table scraps: nutritional imbalance, habituation to "human" flavors
  4. Excessive amounts: too rapid growth, especially in large breeds (joint risks)
  5. Sudden diet changes: diarrhea, distress
  6. Excessive snacks: imbalance the main diet

Homemade Food for Puppies

Not recommended without a plan from a veterinary nutritionist. Puppies have specific needs: an unbalanced diet during the growth phase can cause permanent damage.

The Correct Growth

Weight checks every 2 weeks. The puppy should:

  • Grow steadily
  • Ribs slightly palpable (not visible, not hidden under fat)
  • Good energy, shiny coat
  • Formed stools

What Really Matters

The puppy's nutrition is an investment in the next 12-15 years of the dog's life. Quality puppy kibble, correct portion sizes, frequent meals, no human food. The transition to adult food should be gradual, depending on size.

```